Valency of Thorium (Th)
The valency of Thorium is 4 — it has 2 valence electrons, and it shares all four to complete its outer shell.
Looking for Thorium's valency without wading through a whole chapter? Here is the direct answer first, then the tables and derivations examiners want to see. Every number on this page comes from the same engine that powers the interactive table. Need the whole picture instead — history, characteristics, uses, exam questions? The full Thorium page is one click away.
Counting the valence electrons
From the configuration [Rn] 6d² 7s², Thorium's outermost shell carries 2 electrons. For a f-block element the nearby inner "f" subshell can also lend electrons, which is where variable valency comes from.
Position check: Thorium belongs to the f-block of the periodic table, period 7.
Valency vs valence electrons
Valence electrons are what you count (2 for Thorium); valency is what the atom will do to complete its outer shell (4 here). Keep the two words straight and half the periodic-table chapter writes itself.
Students also ask
How do I find the valency of Thorium from its group?
As an f-block element Thorium is not assigned a group; examiners accept its common valency of 4.
Why does Thorium show a fixed valency?
Thorium has 2 valence electrons and reaches a complete outer shell in one consistent way, so its valency stays fixed at 4.