Bonds & ions
Oxidation state — জারণ অবস্থা
Quick answer
The charge an atom would carry if every shared electron pair in its bonds went to the more electronegative partner.
Definition
The oxidation state is the hypothetical charge an atom would carry if every shared electron pair in its bonds went to the more electronegative partner. It is written with the sign first: +1, −2. A few rules settle most cases: free elements count 0, oxygen is usually −2, hydrogen is +1 with nonmetals, and the numbers in a neutral compound must total zero. Unlike valency, the state carries a sign and can vary widely — iron swings between +2 and +3.
For example
In — the rust on an old tin roof — each oxygen is −2 and the compound is neutral, so each of the two irons must be +3: iron is in the +3 oxidation state.